Workforce
We work to ensure an equitably-compensated, well-supported, year-round workforce with a harassment-free workplace, modern hiring practices, controlled risk, and professional development opportunities so the Department of the Interior can continue to recruit, retain, and empower a workforce of thousands to manage wildland fire on public and Tribal lands across the country.
Smiling recruits at a basic wildland fire training course in Idaho: the Department of the Interior employs thousands of people to manage wildland fire across the country. (Photo courtesy BLMIdaho)
Quick Facts
6,700: Total expected number of Department of the Interior and Tribal employees within the wildland fire management program in 2023.
126: Types of positions involved in wildland fire incidents
Hiring
The Department of the Interior is well positioned to address increasing wildfire activity this summer. As of September 5, the Interior Department had 4,837 wildland fire personnel.
By the end of 2023, we plan to employ a total of 5,800 federal and more than 900 Tribal wildland firefighters and support personnel. This includes 162 smokejumpers, 20 interagency hotshot crews, and four Tribal hotshot crews. Those employees will not all work at one time. This is due to the seasonal nature of fire activity. For example, agencies in the Southwest finalize seasonal wildland fire hiring in late winter or early spring because their peak fire activity typically occurs in March through May, before monsoons usually reduce fire activity.
You can visit the National Interagency Fire Center website for a listing of fire positions that are currently open.
Workforce Reforms
The Interior Department is continuing its efforts to reform our wildland fire workforce. Supported by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, this initiative will give our employees greater stability, enable them to grow in their positions, and improve the Department's ability to address more extreme wildfires and meet the year-round needs for wildland fire management activities. These reforms represent a generational change for our wildland fire workforce.
FY 2024 Budget and Permanent Pay Solution
The President’s FY 2024 budget includes crucial reforms to invest in and support our federal wildland firefighters.
The cornerstone of the reforms is a permanent pay increase for our federal and Tribal firefighters. Additionally, the president’s FY 2024 budget request invests more in wildland firefighter mental and physical health and wellbeing, improves their housing options, and increases capacity by expanding the number of permanent firefighters.
These reforms are urgently needed and build on the temporary pay increase provided by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Collectively, they will reduce the strain on our current and future workforce.
The permanent pay reforms require authorizing legislation. The Department of the Interior, Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Personnel Management developed a comprehensive legislative proposal for Congressional consideration. We remain committed to working with congressional leaders on this crucial proposal. The temporary pay supplements currently in effect are expected to run out at the end of September 2023. For additional details, see our frequently asked questions.
Increasing Pay
We have implemented temporary pay improvements for federal wildland firefighters in coordination with our counterparts at the USDA Forest Service and Office of Personnel Management. The pay increases began to appear in paychecks the week of July 11, 2022. We are also developing a long-term solution for future years. On June 21, 2022, The Biden-Harris administration shared details on the pay raises.
This improvement builds upon President Biden's 2021 initiative to support federal wildland firefighters and ensure they receive a minimum of $15 per hour. Under that initiative, approximately 3,500 of Interior's roughly 5,000 wildland firefighters received $7.6 million in additional monetary recognition.
Wildland Firefighter Occupational Series
In 2022, a new occupational series was created for federal wildland firefighters, as directed by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. For the first time in 50 years, the GS-0456 Wildland Fire Management Series defines the unique duties of wildland firefighters and provides clear details on career advancement.
The Interior and Agriculture departments are now working on its implementation. At the Interior Department, subject matter experts in wildland fire and human resources are meeting regularly to craft standard position descriptions. At the same time, Interior will conduct a job analysis for fire dispatch work.
Permanent Positions
The Interior Department is continuing to transition to a more permanent workforce capable of fire response and mitigation work on a year-round basis. This work is supported by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which provided new funding to support the conversion of 1,000 positions across the Interior Department and USDA Forest Service.
Since 2020, the Interior Department has increased permanent wildland fire positions by nearly 1,000. Currently, 75 percent of the Department's wildland fire personnel are in permanent positions.
Health and Wellbeing
The Interior Department and USDA Forest Service are developing a joint behavioral health program to provide support tailored to the unique experiences and needs of our firefighters. The program will establish year-round prevention and mehtal health training, provide post-traumatic stress care, enhance capacity for critical incident stress management, and create a new system of trauma support services with an emphasis on early intervention.
The U.S. Department of Labor announced changes to its Office of Workers' Compensation Program to assist federal firefighters with certain occupational illnesses by making it easier for claimants to file claims and by improving transparency in how claims are processed.
Training
Along with our partners at the USDA Forest Service, we are developing a strategy to provide expanded training, education, and experiential learning opportunities to improve emergency response skillsets, business acumen, and land management competencies.
Harassment-free Workplace
Ensuring that our employees have a safe and professional environment in which to work is not only the right thing to do, it’s the law. The Department of the Interior prohibits offensive sexual or non-sexual harassing behavior against any employee, intern, volunteer, contractor or other non-Federal employee, visitor, or other member of the public. The Department also prohibits adverse treatment of employees because they report harassing conduct or provide information related to such complaints. Read the full anti-harassment policy and explore other employee resources at doi.gov/employees.
Hiring Practices
The lengthening of fire seasons into fire years creates significant challenges for staffing an adequate response to wildland fire. Seasonal firefighters have long been the backbone of the wildland fire management, but current personnel policy limits seasonal positions to six months or 1,040 hours of employment. In addition, the long days needed to manage wildland fire often mean seasonal employees work more hours in six months (2,500 hours) than their full-time, non-fire colleagues work in an entire year (2,080 hours). We’re exploring partnerships that could increase our ability and capacity to hire additional people whenever the demand for firefighters exceeds staffing levels.
Staff in the Office of Wildland fire have also been exploring ways to develop shared hiring certificates for the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture. This would enable more efficient hiring and sharing of qualified firefighters and would reflect the true interagency nature of wildland fire management.
Controlling Risk
Human safety is always our highest priority: no structure or resource is worth a life. We emphasize the importance of safety in all our required training programs and in daily briefings that take place during incidents. We closely document and track people’s qualifications before assigning them work. We enforce medical standards for physically demanding positions to ensure people won’t endanger themselves or their colleagues. We adjust our tactics to make sure firefighters don’t directly engage a wildfire when risks can’t be mitigated to an acceptable level. We study and learn from our mistakes and look for ways to share that information widely.
The wildland fire community offers a number of online resources where people can pursue additional training and learn through the experiences of others:
- Joint Fire Science Program
- National Advanced Fire & Resource Institute
- National Wildfire Coordinating Group
- Wildfire Lessons Learned Center
Join Us!
Are you interested in working in wildland fire? Learn more about how to begin a career in wildland fire or explore the many careers available in the Department of the Interior. Additional information about careers in fire, including a list of open positions on USAJobs, is also available from the National Interagency Fire Center.
