Deferred Maintenance and Repair
- What is deferred maintenance and repair?
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The primary purpose of the Great American Outdoors Act National Parks and Public Land Legacy Restoration Fund is to invest in deferred maintenance and repair (DM&R) projects. DM&R is a maintenance and repair activity that was not performed when it should have been or was scheduled to be and is delayed to a future period. Typically, required maintenance or repair needs are deferred due to a lack of funding or available workforce. Deferring maintenance or repair activities over time can make assets, such as buildings, trails, and campsites, unsafe or unusable for staff and visitors.
The total Department of the Interior DM&R is estimated at almost $30 billion and continues to grow every year.
Deferred Maintenance and Repair (DM&R) for GAOA Legacy Restoration Fund (LRF) Bureaus by State
The map below displays the total dollar amount (in thousands) of DM&R by state for the four Department of the Interior (DOI) Great American Outdoors Act (GAOA) bureaus: the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the National Park Service (NPS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Darker colors indicate a higher DM&R total.
Hover over or click on a state to see the total DM&R backlog as well as the DM&R backlog by each bureau. The same information can be accessed in a table format below the map. Click here to download the data in Excel format.
Footnotes:
• In accordance with Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards 40, the Department of the Interior defines deferred maintenance and repair (DM&R) as maintenance and repair activity that was not performed when it should have been or was scheduled to be and which is put off or delayed to a future period. Maintenance and Repairs are activities directed toward keeping fixed assets in an acceptable condition.
• The DM&R estimate for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is as of September 30, 2021. The DM&R estimate for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is as of September 30, 2021 and includes DM&R for the entire bureau’s real property assets although Legacy Restoration Fund (LRF) can only be used for assets within the National Wildlife Refuge System. The DM&R estimate for the National Park Service (NPS) is as of December 31, 2021. The DM&R estimate for the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) is as of June 16, 2022. Starting FY 2023, Quarter 1, this data set will be refreshed annually, and all DM&R data will be as of September 30th of the preceding fiscal year.
• This DM&R data set reflects each bureau’s complete asset inventory. This is a more comprehensive data set than what is reported in the Department of the Interior’s annual Agency Financial Report, which excludes certain categories of assets such as non-owned, concessions managed, possessory interest, and leaseholder surrender interest locations.
How the Department Takes Care of its Assets
DOI Assets
The Department of the Interior (DOI, Interior Department) manages 20 percent of the Nation’s lands and waters, including:
- 480 million acres of land
- 423 national park locations
- 568 national wildlife refuges
- 70 fish hatcheries
- 23 national conservation areas
- 28 national monuments
- 183 schools and 33 Tribal Colleges and Universities
Monuments, marinas, roads, cemeteries, utilities, bridges, Bureau of Indian Education-funded schools, picnic areas, employee housing, entrance stations, campgrounds, trails…these are just a few examples of the many types of assets DOI maintains so that we can successfully host millions of visitors each year on our public lands.
The four DOI bureaus that receive GAOA LRF funding collectively manage a portfolio of over 100,000 assets. These assets are divided into seven broad categories: Recreational Assets, Mission Support and Administrative Assets, Housing, Transportation Assets, Schools & Associated Buildings, Non-Transportation Infrastructure, and All Other Assets. Learn more about these asset categories on the Projects page.
Maintenance
Maintenance activities help achieve an asset's originally anticipated life. To understand how DOI maintains its assets, consider a single asset such as a footbridge. Wooden bridges are plentiful on trails that crisscross our public lands, helping hikers cross streams and other obstacles.
Since it is a Departmental asset, DOI must properly maintain the footbridge. We do this by:
- Clearing vegetation from sides of the bridge
- Inspecting the bridge for safety
- Sanding the bridge to increase traction
- Completing periodic, scheduled painting or other sealing treatment to preserve the wooden structure
Repair
In the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Las Cruces District, two access road repair projects were completed with funding from the Great American Outdoors Act. Repairs involved rebuilding embankments where erosion had occurred and reconstructing water crossings. The projects resolved safety issues and ensured public visitors and government agency employees can access the public lands via the reconstructed roads.
Other Types of Asset Management
As the condition of an asset and the location’s needs change over time, other types of management actions may be required, including:
- Alteration – While a repair restores an item to its previous good condition, alteration is work that adds, changes, or removes items to the building or systems. For example, a park may need to increase the size of a footbridge, perhaps to accommodate more foot traffic.
- Recapitalization – Recapitalization involves the replacement of critical components or systems that extend the life of an asset, as well as major renovations without a significant change in function or capacity.
- Replacement – If the cost to maintain or repair an asset grows too high compared to its construction cost, it may need to be replaced. This involves substituting an entire asset with a new or equivalent asset. A footbridge that reaches the end of its useful life and deteriorates beyond repair, or that is washed away in a major flooding event, must be replaced.
- New Construction – Constructing a new asset means building something that did not exist before. Due to unsafe conditions on an existing trail, for example, a park may decide to relocate a river crossing to a safer location. An entirely new footbridge would be constructed with a different design to fit the new location.
Site of a demolished structure in Cuyahoga Valley National Park, with newly planted trees behind. Photo: NPS/Tim Fenner - Divestiture – When an asset no longer has value to a DOI site for any purpose, the Department will need to dispose of it and release the organization from liability for the associated costs. DOI may demolish the asset or transfer it to another owner.
In Cuyahoga Valley National Park, the National Park Service is completing a $2 million Great American Outdoors Act project to remove 33 vacant structures and restore the land as forest. Some of the structures posed a safety hazard. The removal of the buildings eliminated more than $7 million of maintenance backlog.
Deferred Maintenance and Repair Backlog
When DOI does not receive enough funding to pay for all the maintenance and repairs that its assets require at the time these needs are identified, work may get pushed off, or deferred, until later due to budget constraints. The list of unfunded asset management needs is the DM&R backlog.
Infrastructure that is not properly cared for with scheduled maintenance and timely repair work can become unsightly, unsafe, more susceptible to damage, and can deteriorate more quickly. Deferring maintenance may increase the cost to maintain an asset over its lifetime.
How GAOA is Addressing the Deferred Maintenance Backlog
The Great American Outdoors Act is directing up to $8.1 billion over five years (Fiscal Years 2021 through 2025) toward deferred maintenance and repair activity.
GAOA funding alone cannot resolve all the Interior Department’s lifecycle management needs. Even with the largest public lands infrastructure investment in history, routine maintenance and repair needs continue to outpace available funding. However, LRF is an essential part of DOI’s concerted effort to address the extensive deferred maintenance and repair backlog.
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