Remarks Prepared for Delivery

By The Honorable Gale Norton

Secretary of the Interior

National Association of Regional Councils

March 17, 2003

 

 

Thank you Richard, I appreciate your warm welcome.   

 

It is an honor to address the members of an institution that for more than three decades now has worked to foster regional cooperation.  As a result, you have become the Nation’s leader in building regional communities.

 

Your selfless work has assisted communities to address economic development, air and water quality, and growth, and other challenges to achieve regional excellence.

 

That is why I am proud to formalize our relationship with NARC through the signing of a

 Memorandum of Understanding at the conclusion of my remarks.  But first, I’d like to offer some observations about DOI’s mission, and highlight some of our important initiatives.

 

When I was sworn in as the Nation’s 48th Secretary of the Interior, I made a personal commitment that at the end of my term, I want to know that I helped build an America with a healthier environment and a more secure economy.

 

We have the same challenge and goal as the regional council’s—thriving communities

 and environmental conservation.

 

To achieve this, I am committed to a new era in the conservation of our nation’s natural

resources; I call it “new environmentalism”.

 

Our 2004 $10.7 billion budget request provides the single clearest statement of how we

will honor this commitment in the upcoming year. 

 

It is the largest presidential budget request in the Department’s history, and it lays the

 foundation to meeting our mission responsibilities.

 

We take great pride in our mission to protect and manage the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage on public lands.

 

That mission determines whether farmers will have water and people can turn on the tap.

 

It preserves America’s grand vistas, places, and history for our children.

 

In fact, a couple of weeks ago first lady Laura Bush announced an initiative that will

provide you with greater support to protect and restore our nation’s cultural and natural resource—from monuments and buildings to landscapes and main streets.  “Preserve America” will provide more opportunities for preservation and increase tourism and economic development.

 

The President signed an executive order that directs federal agencies to inventory

and promote greater use of historical sites in partnership with state, tribal, and

local governments. 

 

Part of the goal of Preserve America is to support community efforts to restore

cultural resources for heritage tourism.  All of you know that preserving and

celebrating our past is critical to heritage tourism and thriving communities.

 

Fortunately, we are not alone in fulfilling these important objectives.  Our public lands benefit from a wide array of conservation efforts by individuals, state and local governments, public and private organizations like NARC.

 

Now more than ever, managing our public resource requires the development

of creative and dynamic approaches between local citizens and land managers.

 

I've borrowed a story from history to illustrate that interaction. When St. Petersburg, one of the most splendid and unique cities in Europe, was being laid out in the eighteenth century, many large boulders brought by a glacier in Finland had to be removed.

 

One particularly large rock was in the path of one of the principal avenues that had

been planned, and bids were solicited for its removal. 

 

The bids that were submitted were very high.  This was understandable, because

at the time, the modern machines we are familiar with did not exist and there

were no high-powered explosives.

 

As officials pondered what to do, a local resident offered to get rid of the boulder for

a much lower price than those submitted by the other “more credentialed” bidders.

 

The city officials chose to take a risk and gave the job to the local peasant. 

 

The next morning he showed up with a crowd of other peasants carrying shovels. 

They began digging a huge hole next to the rock.  The rock was propped up with

timbers to prevent it from rolling into the hole. 

 

When the hole was deep enough, the timber props were removed and the

rock dropped into the hole well below street level.  It was then covered

with dirt, and the excess dirt was carted away.

 

It’s a simple example of what creative thinking can do to solve a problem.

The unsuccessful bidders only thought about moving the rock from one place

to another on the city’s surface. 

 

The peasant looked at the problem from another angle.  He considered

another dimension – up and down.

 

And so there it is; let us look at the current challenges from another dimension.

 

At Interior, we are using collaborative and community-based approaches to land

management. We have been working on this approach because we believe it is

a better means to deal with the complex challenges we face today.

 

Nowhere is that challenge more evident than the issue of managing water

resources in the West.

 

The poet Thomas Hornsby Ferris, wrote about the West: “Here is a land where life

is written in water.”   The reality that we face today is that in some areas of the West

there is not enough water to go around even in good years. 

 

The stakes are enormous.  Cities need water for their growing populations.  Farmers

need water to grow food, Tribes need water for their people and their future, and fish

and wildlife need water to survive.

 

Yet the population of the West and Southwest has exploded over the last decade.

While the Census Bureau reports a national population growth rate of 13%, in the West the

average is almost twice that.  In several states it is much higher.  Over the ten-year

census period, Arizona had a 40 percent growth rate and Nevada’s was at 66 percent.

 

This trend shows no sign of changing.  Southern California alone projects that it will add another 6 million residents by 2025.

 

Our challenge is made greater by the drought that grips much of the West.

 

Before the current drought began, in October 1999, reservoirs in the Colorado Basin were more than 90 percent full.  Today those reservoirs stand at a mere 60 percent of capacity.

 

Just between September 2001 and September 2002, Lake Powell dropped more than

38 feet and Lake Mead dropped almost 23 feet.  Today, Lake Powell stands 9 stories

below its highest level.  It is the lowest it has ever been since its initial filling.

 

In other areas, like New Mexico’s Middle Rio Grande, the drought has been so deep

that even if the runoff in 2003 is twice as much as normal, there will not be enough

water to meet existing needs this summer.

 

We must recognize the realities of life in the desert, and the limits on the amount of water

 that is available.

 

The President’s budget request emphasizes the need for water use efficiency in our water

infrastructure.  It is a commitment to return to the solid principles of conservation.

 

Many water delivery systems use technology popular when the 18th Century Spanish missions still flourished.  That is not how to deal with 21st century problems.  We will look at new technologies and advanced water management systems, such as lining and modernizing canals.

 

We will take steps to develop a resource management program that will respond to growing demands for water in the West while continuing to serve traditional users and adhere to state water laws.

 

The budget request includes $11.0 million to launch a Bureau of Reclamation Water Initiative that uses collaboration, conservation, and innovation to make sure every drop of water counts.  We will generate and explore ideas for long-term improvements.

 

The Bureau of Reclamation will use and further the concept of water banks wherever possible to help resolve future water supply conflicts.  Research and development of desalination technologies will also be a priority.

 

We view the drought as a warning to plan for scarcity in the future.

 

Let me now focus on the President’s Healthy Forest Initiative.

 

To hear critics describe it, the Healthy Forest Initiative is an undercover effort to move the West back to a logging economy.

 

In reality, it is an effort to protect western communities. It is an effort to allow you to have a tourist economy near public lands. The fact is, America’s public lands are a fundamental component of regional landscapes that provide a range of economic, cultural and social benefits.

 

Tourists don't visit burned-out forests or camp at burned over BLM lands.  I don't have to remind you how devastating last year's fire season was on both resources and tourism. More than 6 million acres burned—that is an area larger than the entire state of New Jersey.

 

While fire is a natural part of a forest ecosystem, these fires were beyond natural. They burned hotter and faster resulting in immeasurable devastation.

 

As you well know, thousands of communities near Federal land are at risk from fire.

 

Some groups are claiming that we only need to worry about the wildland urban interface areas.

 

Frankly, such a narrowly focused strategy doesn't protect watersheds or critical habitat or endangered species in the rest of public lands.

 

Hundreds of communities have been affected by wildland fires either through evacuation, or tragically, destruction of homes or businesses this year.

 

In Colorado alone, 77,000 people were forced to temporarily evacuate their homes.

 

Working together, federal and local firefighters controlled 99.7% of these fires on the initial attack. We are doing our job and we have been able to put many more resources into firefighting thanks to the President’s leadership.

 

But the extensive drought, the dense fuel loads and disease and insect infestation allowed some fires to explode. A century of fire suppression and poor forest management has left them overgrown and subject to intense, unnatural wild fires that destroy everything in their paths.

 

It does not have to continue like this.  We have tools available to us: prescribed fires and mechanical thinning. During the height of the fire season, President Bush was able to illustrate how deadly fires burned in Oregon --where some areas had been thinned and some had not.

 

Where there was thinning, the fire burned low to the ground, swept through quickly and left no lasting damage.

 

The budget proposes almost $700 million for wildfire prevention--almost $50 million more than last year’s budget proposal.

 

It will allow the Department to treat more than 300,000 high priority acres in the wildland-urban interface and an additional 768,000 acres that are not in the wildland-urban interface. 

 

When the President signed the Omnibus Appropriations Bill several weeks ago, Interior was granted new authority to help us improve the health of our forests and rangelands. That authority is “stewardship contracting.”

 

For the first time, Interior will be able to contract with private or public entities to cleanup or restore lands in exchange for the value of timber or other wood products that are removed from public lands—goods for services.

 

Taxpayers can not do it alone.

 

Stewardship contracts will allow us to achieve some of our land management goals that we have developed with you.

 

In the past, contractors have not been willing to take on projects because they were short-term and could not guarantee a return on their investments.  Congress has changed that to allow contracts for up to ten years.

 

With the longer-term contracts, investments can be made in equipment and facilities.  Contracts for small diameter wood products can be made with furniture factories, or biomass energy from wood chips can be turned into heat or electricity.

 

This is new ground for us and we see it as an extraordinary opportunity to improve the land.  For this to work well we are going to need initiative from communities. Your suggestions for projects will be invaluable.  We seek your input and your ideas for this new tool.  

 

Lastly, we will continue funding for Rural Fire Assistance.  Frequently, local firefighting departments are the first responders to wildland fires on public lands. 

 

In 2002, the Department assisted more than 5,000 rural and volunteer fire departments through grants, technical assistance, training, supplies,

equipment, and public education support.

 

Gateway Communities

 

The Department’s parks, refuges, and public lands provide access for economic uses and activities that fuel the economic engines for communities adjacent to our Federal lands.

 

Gateway communities often are the welcome wagon for our National Parks, wildlife refuges, monuments and public lands.

 

We recognize the Department’s decisions can greatly impact these gateway communities.  We will work in partnership with the people who live on the private lands that border these areas.  And we will develop collaborative approaches to address local issues.

 

As we deal with growing populations in the West, new pressures on the natural landscape emerge.

 

Citizens are looking for increased recreational opportunities on public lands. 

 

Increased population leads to increased urbanization, which leads to rising land use, cross-jurisdictional problems and growing use of facilities.

 

We are looking at ways to work with communities to fit our land management program into matching their local needs–not the other way around. Working together, we can all pitch in to meet the needs of communities and visitors.

 

The Moab Information Center in Utah, illustrates such a project where everyone pitched in.  This visitor center is a joint effort of the Grand County Travel Council, the Canyonlands Natural History Association, and the Moab Offices of the BLM, National Park Service, and Forest Service. 

 

Grand County leases the building to the Canyonlands Natural History Association, which pays for it through the sale of books, maps and items at the bookstore.

 

The center is a focal point for visitors and community members alike and has served as a major factor in Moab’s downtown revitalization. 

 

Twenty years ago, the BLM had 30 campsites at Moab–today they have more than 400.

 

The visitor center is a necessity.

 

Some of you may have heard me say before that the Four C's is a guide to how I want Interior to move forward. They stand for communication, consultation and cooperation, all in the service of conservation.

 

At the heart of the Four C's is the belief that for conservation to be successful, we must involve the people who live on, work on, and love the land. I am committed to working with all of you in partnership toward the goal of managing our federal lands more effectively and promoting recreational activities on them.

 

And not just in the West.

 The President’s Executive Order on Historic Preservation

–Preserve America

--Heritage tourism

 

Another Interior program with nationwide impact is the Endangered Species Act.

 

When Congress enacted the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973, it is unlikely that anyone ever imagined the far-reaching role it would play in a wide

range of land use and water management decisions.

 

With more than 1200 species of plants and animals listed as threatened or endangered in the United States, and millions of acres of designated critical habitat,

the ESA has the potential to affect day-to-day decisions in every State across the country.

 

Consider just a few examples:  Water supply and flood protection operations in South Florida are designed to take into consideration the habitat needs of the

Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow; road construction in New Hampshire has been impacted by the presence of bald eagle nests; new development and the use of

pesticides in vineyards will likely be impacted by a newly-listed salamander in California; and farmers throughout the Midwest have to deal with piping plovers.

 

We have opportunities across the country to change the dynamic of how we implement the ESA – to move towards a new era of cooperative conservation that

achieves significant benefits for species, while respecting the needs and interest of our partners.

 

This does not mean abandoning the regulatory regime, but rather, supplementing it with incentive-based approaches and partnerships. 

 

We are working actively with States, counties, and private landowners to develop a variety of conservation agreements to protect habitat for

endangered species, while still allowing economic activity to proceed.

 

Under these agreements, for example, small timber lot owners in the Southeast can harvest timber and protect the red cockaded woodpecker.  In Texas, ranchers

graze cattle while providing habitat for the aplamado falcon.

 

We are also working to improve our regulatory processes to maximize flexibility and target limited resources where the potential impact on species is the greatest. 

We have developed new guidance on the use of conservation banks, similar to wetlands mitigation banks, to encourage the preservation of habitat while assisting

landowners who want to develop their property.  We are working to streamline our review of federally-funded projects.  And we are improving the process for

designating critical habitat.

 

We are committed to fulfilling our responsibility to implement the ESA and recover species.  Together, we can do a better job of protecting species and people too.

 

In conclusion, I am mindful that the decisions we make at the Department of the Interior have huge impacts on communities.

 

And as such, we are changing our policies to allow for flexibility in management and to make room for as much local and regional input as possible—those most

affected, not just the interested.

 

This is the path to a new environmentalism, a path away from conflict and toward consensus and partnership. This is the path this administration has taken.  I am

confident that working together we can find ways to move that boulder from the middle of the road.  Thank you.