This document presents the Department of the Interior's plan for conserving energy and water in buildings and facilities. The Plan provides a sound basis for the accomplishment of the mandated buildings and facilities goals articulated in Executive Orders relating to energy and water conservation. They include a 20 percent reduction by FY 2000 and a 30 percent more efficient use of energy in Federal buildings and facilities by FY 2005 as compared to energy used in FY 1985, minimization of petroleum use, and procurement of energy efficient goods.
(See the Foreword)

You may direct your questions about this plan to Mary Heying.

1	General Information
1.1	Overview
1.2	Program Authorities and Regulations
1.3	Departmental Policy on Energy Management
1.4	Energy Program Management and Responsible Officials
2	Buildings/Facilities Management Plan
2.1	Goals for Existing Buildings
2.2	Goals for Newly Constructed Buildings and Renovations
2.3	Initiatives
2.4	Incentives
2.5	Performance Evaluations
3	Procurement
3.1	Procurement of Energy Efficient Products
3.2	Goals for Life-Cycle Costing
3.3	Energy Savings Performance Contracts
3.4	Acquisition of Real Property
3.5	Leasing of Real Property
4	Reporting
5	Budgeting
6	Training of Energy Managers
7	Showcase Facilities
8	Solar and Other Rewewable Energy
9	Water Management Policy

Attachments

1. Semiannual Energy Conservation Performance Report, DI-234 (A link to this attachment is currently under construction)
2. BTU Conversion Table
   
3. Publications and Software

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 OVERVIEW

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of the land and water resources, protecting the fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of the national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses the energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. administration. The same responsible leadership will guide the Department into the 21st century in the field of energy conservation management.

The Buildings and Facilities Plan of the Department of the Interior, is required under the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA) (As amended by the Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L. 100-615) and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486) ; Sec.543(a).1992, concerning Federal Energy Management. In addition, the plan is updated to meet the newly established requirements and goals of Executive Order 12902, March 10, 1994 and the continuing requirement of Executive Order 13123, June 3, 1999, has been prepared as part of the Department's overall energy conservation management program. This program is a positive, action program that assigns the responsibilities for Department wide energy reduction activities. These activities, include program planning guidance, program performance and reporting, interagency activities and monitoring and evaluating energy conservation management projects. This program was originally established by Presidential directive as a result of the 1973-1974 Arab Oil Embargo.

The Buildings and Facilities Energy Management and Water Conservation Plan has been prepared to address the Federally mandated energy conservation goals by reducing the use of energy resources used principally for heating, ventilating, cooling, heating hot water, and lighting. This plan provides the actions necessary for the bureaus to implement demand-side management,screen buildings and facilities for opportunities for energy savings performance contract, identify applicable areas for the use of life-cycle costing methodology, and to establish the necessity for bureaus to provide training to energy managers.

More specific challenges facing the Department emanate from the diversity of its program areas. Shortages or fluctuation in the cost of energy can cause market reactions that may place a greater burden on production capabilities. Depending on certain circumstances, hydroelectric power produced by the Bureau of Reclamation may be increased. Logistical support of such increases has the effect of increasing energy consumption by the Bureau. In addition, all identified energy efficient improvements and retrofits are dependant upon the availability of funds to accomplish such action.

The sheer number of appliances, machines, computers and other office equipment that is added to buildings and facilities annually has an effect on electrical energy usage that needs to be addressed. Though not quantifiable, the electrical consumption of this equipment has a deleterious effect on energy efficiency in buildings and facilities as presently measured.

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1.2 PROGRAM AUTHORITIES AND REGULATIONS

Executive Order 12902

Executive Order 13123

The Energy Policy Act of 1992

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended

The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978, as amended

The Energy Security Act of 1980

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986

The Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988

Federal Property Management Regulations, 41 CFR 101

Federal Property Management Regulations, 10 CFR 436

Federal Acquisition Regulation, 48 CFR 23.4

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1.3 DEPARTMENTAL POLICY ON ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Departmental energy policy is to adhere to all existing rules and regulations.

The Department expects to achieve the mandated goals of Executive Order 12902, Executive Order 13123, and the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA) (As amended by the Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 (P.L.100-615) and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486); Sec.543(a).1992. The goals will be met through implementation of an energy conservation management plan, utilization of the budget process, and technical assistance available through the public and private sectors. Specifically, a 20 percent reduction by FY 2000 and a 30 percent reduction by FY 2005, compared to the energy use levels of FY 1985.

Bureaus were requested to revise their existing internal policies and procedures to implement Executive Order 12902, Federal Energy Management, and Section 103 of Executive Order 12780, Federal Agency Recycling and the Council on Federal Recycling and Procurement Policy, including revised procurement practices and other categories as may be appropriate.

Each bureau developed a comprehensive program action plan to implement Executive Order 12902 in accordance with the Buildings and Facilities Energy Management Program Planning Guidelines, existing rules and regulations, and guidance from the Department of Energy and the General Services Administration. The plan specifies appropriate energy saving initiatives; estimated costs required to achieve the savings; and steps for effective implementation of the Executive Order, including reduction of petroleum use.

Specific areas addressed in the plan are: goals for existing and newly constructed buildings and renovations; energy management initiatives; solar and other renewable sources; prioritization surveys; demand side management; incentive programs; goals for life-cycle costing; energy savings performance contracts; training requirements; acquisition and leasing of real property; budget formulation and reporting and; water use reduction.

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1.4 RESPONSIBLE OFFICIALS FOR ENERGY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

The Assistant Secretary - Policy, Management and Budget (AS-PMB) is the senior policy making official who is responsible for developing Departmental guidelines, supervising preparation, updating and executing the Buildings and Facilities Energy Management and Water Conservation Plan. The AS-PMB is the Department's representative on the Department of Energy's Interagency Energy Policy Committee "656 Committee". The AS-PMB has designated the Director of the Office of Acquisition and Property Management (PAM) as the Department's representative on the Department of Energy's Federal Interagency Energy Management Task Force. PAM provides policy direction for the Department's Buildings and Facilities Energy Management and Water Conservation Plan through the bureau's responsible officials on the Departmental Energy Conservation Committee (DECC). DECC consists of bureau and PAM representatives.

The AS-PMB sets policy. The DECC, chaired by PAM, consists of bureau energy coordinators with primary responsibility for energy management. The DECC provides advice and recommendations to top Departmental officials on energy management initiatives and policies as well as providing guidance on the daily operations of the bureaus' energy management plans.

Mary Heying - Chairman
Office of Acquisition and Property Management
(202) 208-4080
FAX (202)219-4244

David Guthrie
Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Engineering
(703) 358-2476
FAX (703) 358-2227

Terry Brennan
National Park Service, Division of Parks Facilities Management
(202) 513-7207
FAX (202) 371-6623

Melissa Courtney
Geological Survey, Division of Administrative Policy Support
(703) 648-7322
FAX (703) 648-7527

Bob Donelson
Bureau of Land Management
(202) 452-5190
FAX (202) 452-5141

Rayleen Cruz
Bureau of Reclamation
(303) 445-2023
FAX (303) 445-6300

John Brown
Bureau of Indian Affairs
(505) 346-6511
FAX (505) 346-6551

Rhonda Watkins
Minerals Management Service
(703) 787-1386
FAX (703) 787-1071

Barbara Russell
Office of Surface Mining
(202) 208-2593
FAX (202) 219-3100

Joyce Hurst
Office of Aircraft Services
(907) 271-4326
FAX (907) 271-4788

Gary Peacock
National Business Center
(202) 208-7560
FAX (202) 208-4459

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2. BUILDINGS/FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

2.1 GOALS FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS

The Department plans to meet the energy management goals of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act, as amended, and Executive Order 12759, Section 3 and Executive Order 12902 in its entirety, Federal Energy Management. By FY 2005, the Department will reduce overall energy use of British thermal units (Btu's) per gross square foot (GSF) of the Federal buildings it operates. These reduction goals will be compared to that energy used in 1985 and will take into account the buildings and facilities utilization. Reductions are as follows:

FY 2000 - 20% of 1985 level or 70,351.2 Btu/GSF

FY 2005 - 30% of 1985 level or 61,557.3 Btu/GSF

The computed 1985 baseline is: 87,939 Btu/GSF.

Bureaus will identify, fund, and implement energy conservation measures (to the extent that these measures minimize life-cycle costs and are cost-effective in accordance with 10 CFR Part 436) to meet the aforementioned goals.

1. Building Categories

   The following categories of energy-using Federal buildings and facilities are included in the Department's real property inventory:

   • office buildings
     
   • hospitals
     
   • schools
     
   • prison facilities
     
   • storage facilities
     
   • service facilities, such as: water and waste treatment plants, steam plants
     
   • other categories such as: laboratories, museums, historic structures
     
   • multi/single-family dwellings (where the Government pays the utilities)
     
   • dams with hydropower generating plants
     
   • pumping plants

   Real property inventories will be developed or updated to provide accurate data, including GSF, on energy-using building space.

2. Analysis/Surveys

   Accomplishments will include:

   • updating the energy consumption data from FY 1985 to present.
     
   • analyzing past energy consumption statistics for existing buildings and facilities and identification of those with high consumption so as to establish priorities for surveys and retrofit studies of all energy consuming facilities.

3. Surveys

   Prioritization surveys shall be conducted on all buildings to establish priorities for conducting comprehensive facility audits.

   Prioritization surveys may be walk-through audits. Walk-through audits are defined as the least costly audits, which include visual inspection of the facility to quickly identify retrofit projects or determine the need for more detail analysis. Prioritization surveys may also utilize the Facility Energy Decision Screening (FEDS) Software System. FEDS is a multi-level energy analysis software system designed to provide a comprehensive approach to fuel-neutral, technology-independent, integrated (energy) resource planning and acquisition. Walk through audits may also be conducted using the Energy Survey Manual: Identifying Retrofit Projects for Buildings, (DOE/CS 0133), and the DOI Energy Survey Manual. Other approved computerized software analysis tools are available and may be used to conduct future prioritization surveys.

   Based on the prioritization surveys, bureaus shall develop a ten year plan to conduct comprehensive facility audits. A comprehensive survey is one which quantifies energy uses and loses by system, determines the economics for changes, and identifies a project. Bureaus shall ensure that comprehensive audits of approximately 10 percent of the bureaus facilities are completed each year.

   In planning surveys, the following should be considered:

   • length of time since the last survey.
     
   • availability of demand-side services from utilities to reduce the cost of the survey.
   • number of buildings to be surveyed.
     
   • availability of energy consumption and cost data.
     
   • gross square footage of the buildings.

   A brief description of types of surveys follows:

   Level 1 Survey: This is the most basic type of survey and can be performed by using the FEDS level I survey program. Energy conservation measures identified are relatively simple and such surveys can normally be accomplished by one person in a fairly short period. Projects identified are primarily retrofits as opposed to operational types. Further analysis is required before a project is implemented. FEDS-1 depends upon numerous assumptions about the"typical" federal facility, with only minimal energy price and installation configuration information needed as input. The model never requires the input of engineering parameters.

   Level 2 Survey: This survey is more detailed than Level 1 in that conservation measures require more thorough analysis. The FEDS Level-2 may be used for this purpose.

   Level 3 Survey: This is a detailed architectural and engineering survey and will involve options that can be identified in Levels 1 and 2 plus detailed assessments of energy use systems. The Level 3 survey will include:

   • a review of the "as-built" plans for the HVAC system.
     
   • an on-site review of all major energy use equipment, including the handling equipment, piping distribution systems and controls.
     
   • an efficiency check of the central boiler plant and its control system.
     
   • a review of written, verbal and actual operation procedures and practices.
     
   • an analysis of the air handling equipment and distribution system to ensure that they operate satisfactorily at the minimum operating pressures and horsepower requirements.
     
   • preparation of written operating procedures for maximum energy conservation management effectiveness.
     
   • preparation of annual energy saving and cost saving for each conservation opportunity, including the appropriate cost/benefit analysis.
     

   After completion of surveys and identification of specific energy conservation/retrofit projects, bureaus shall implement cost effective recommendations. Identification of cost effective projects maybe based upon savings-to-investment ratios or the adjusted internal rate of return method. Each bureau should develop a priority list of the cost effective projects which consider tradeoffs such as short payback versus very large energy reductions with longer payback periods.

   Focus on minimizing petroleum usage should be a priority.

4. Industrial Facilities: The Department has determined it does not have any industrial facilities by applying the following:

   An industrial facility houses a process wherein:

   • something is made that is distributed outside the agency.
     
   • over 50% of the process occurs inside the building.
     
   • the majority of energy use is not devoted to heating, cooling, lighting, ventilation, or to service the hot water of the building.
     
   • the industrial process is separately metered.
     

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2.2 GOALS FOR NEWLY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS AND RENOVATIONS

1. Building design and construction shall comply with:
   • energy performance standards applicable to Federal buildings as set forth in 10 CFR 435.
   • applicable Environmental Protection Agency guidelines, e.g., Guideline for Federal Procurement of Building Insulation Products Containing Recovered Materials (40CFR, Part 248), and that they have been considered during the specification development process and incorporated in applicable project specifications to the maximum extent possible without jeopardizing the intended end use of the item.

2. Certification procedures to ensure 2.2 a., above, shall include one or more of the following:
   • annotating blueprints to indicate the design has been reviewed for energy standards.
   • certifying to the contracting officer, at the 100% design point, that the design meets the requirements of 10 CFR 435.
   • documenting the process of the certification actions.

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2.3 INITIATIVES

Energy management initiatives include:

1. Minimizing petroleum usage in Federal facilities by switching to an alternative energy source.

2. Identifying buildings and facilities that lend themselves to dual fuel capability and where practicable, provide such capability. Identifying candidate buildings for relighting (relamping).

3. Directing energy coordinators facility managers to review procedures to acquire utility and related services, remove any impediments to receiving, utilizing, and taking demand side management services, incentives and rebates offered by utilities and other private sector energy providers. Utility company programs may include Thermal Energy Storage Rebate Programs, Curtailment Load Programs, New Building Design Programs and Commercial Lighting Programs.

4. Implementing applicable rules and regulations regarding Federal property and energy management.

5. Conducting physical inspections of mechanical equipment including:
   • water, steam, compressed air and oil lines for leakage and insulation;
     
   • settings and gauges for malfunctions or disconnects.
     

6. Developing building specific operations and maintenance plans and procedures as well as personnel qualifications and training requirements.

7. Developing building occupant awareness and educational programs.

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2.4 INCENTIVES

1. Awards Program

   The Department will initiate a Departmental Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation Award Program using the criteria of the Department of Energy for the Federal Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation Awards. Bureaus are encouraged to initiate an employee incentive award program to provide a basis for their Departmental submissions. Criteria may include:

   • The Federal Interagency Energy Policy Committee Federal Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation Award Criteria and Guidelines.
     
   • Bureau developed award criteria and guidelines including:
     

     1. direct responsibility for significant energy saving or water conservation efforts or achievements

     2. providing outstanding and effective leadership in support of established energy or water conservation management measures

     3. establishment, suggestion or modification of techniques or existing procedures which significantly impact energy or water usage or expenditures.

   Bureau award selection(s) should be completed to allow for possible nomination to the Department of Energy for a Federal Energy Efficiency or Water Conservation Award.

   • Bureau awards may include:

     1. special achievement awards for outstanding individual accomplishment.

     2. honorary awards to regions, field-sites, or facilities for improved performance, suggestions, procedures, new concepts, effective training programs, or employee awareness programs.

     3. cash awards.

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2.5 PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

Each bureau is directed to comply with Executive Order 12902 and to recognize the responsibilities of facility managers, energy managers, designers and their superiors to the extent practicable and establish a standard for their responsibility to the energy management program.

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3. PROCUREMENT

3.1 PROCUREMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTS

1. a. Bureaus shall purchase energy efficient products in accordance with the guidelines issued by the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Defense Logistics Agency, the Department of Energy and GSA, in accordance with existing regulations.

2. b. To further encourage a market for highly energy efficient products, each bureau shall increase, to the extent practical and cost effective, purchases of products that are in the upper 25 percent of energy efficiency for all similar products or products that are at least 10 percent more efficient that the minimum level that meets Federal standards. Implementation of this requirement should also include promoting the procurement and continued use of:
   • energy efficient light bulbs available through the Defense Logistics Agency, the GSA supply system or through local purchase sources.
     
   • energy conserving products available through GSA Federal Supply Service schedules, i.e., reflective light fixtures, energy saving devices for computers and printers.
     
   • solid waste management services which provide for the collection of recyclable materials for recycling purposes.
     
   • other items which will result in a decrease in the generation of waste by reasons of reusability, durability, or reduction in weight or volume.
     
   • continuous reviews to seek additional ways to promote the purchase and use of environmentally-sound products and services.

3. For those items not acquired through GSA or other Governmentwide supply systems (where pre-existing contract terms exist), bureau and office purchase orders and contracts shall contain certification, inspection, and acceptance terms which permit the reasonable verification of vendors' recycled material content certifications by the Government.

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3.2 GOALS FOR LIFE CYCLE COSTING

1. Life Cycle Cost means the total cost of owning, operating and maintaining a building over its useful life (including its fuel, energy, labor, and replacement components), determined on the basis of a systematic evaluation and comparison of alternative building systems, except that in the case of leased building, the lifecycle cost shall be calculated over the effective remaining term of the lease.

2. Utilizing life-cycle costing (LCC) techniques (as defined in Federal Acquisition Regulation, Part 7 and 10 CFR 436.11) during the acquisition planning process, bureaus and offices will promote the purchase and use of energy efficient products and services.

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3.3 ENERGY SAVINGS PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS (ESPC)

Efforts to establish ESPC contracts will be pursued as defined in EPAct and Executive Order 12902. ESPC contract provides a means for agencies to achieve energy reduction goals at no capital cost to the government. Under this alternative financing arrangement, agencies contract with an Energy Service Company (ESCOs) that incurs all the costs of implementing energy savings measures. In exchange, until the contract expires, the ESCO receives a share of any of an energy cost savings that directly result from implementation of energy efficiency measures. Once the contract expires, the Federal Government retains all of the savings and equipment. The contract period can be up to 25 years. Throughout this term, the agency never pays more than what the utility bill would have been had no ESPC contract been awarded. Any systemic problems that may be encountered with the awarding and implementation of ESPCs will be reported to DOI/PAM.

Specific provisions of EPAct, Section 155, state that:

• Agencies are allowed to enter into contracts for 25 years without funding of cancellation charges.
  
• ESCOs incur the costs of conservation measures for a share of the savings.
  
• The Department of Energy will establish a list of qualified ESCOs.
  
• Congress is to be notified 30 days before awarding contracts in excess of $750,000.
  
• Bureaus will ensure funds are available to cover ESPC payments in the first fiscal year and payments are to be made from the utility and related O & M funds.
  
• The ESCO will guarantee savings to the bureaus and will perform an annual energy audit.
  

Efforts to establish ESPCs will be pursued. Bureau energy managers will develop a listing of high energy using buildings, perform surveys on those buildings and identify opportunities for ESPCs. The buildings and facilities identified should receive priority in the survey process for identification of energy conservation measures.

Other bureau management responsibilities include:

• implementing procedures used to verify anticipated and actual energy and cost savings associated with the ESPCs.
  
• monitoring the ESPCs.
  
• calculating the annual and cumulative energy and cost savings resulting from the ESPCs.
  
• establishing a fund and identifying amounts equal to 50 percent of:
  

  1. the amount of each utility rebate received by the bureau for energy efficiency and water conservation measures, which the bureau has implemented; and

  2. the amount of the bureau's share of the measured energy savings resulting from ESPCs, may be retained and credited to accounts that fund energy and water conservation activities at the facilities, and shall remain available until expended for additional specific energy efficiency or water conservation projects or activities, including improvements and retrofits, facility surveys, additional or improved utility metering, and employee training and awareness programs, as authorized by section 152(f) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, (Public Law 102-486).

  3. the remaining 50 percent of each rebate, and the remaining 50 percent of the amount of the bureau's share of savings from ESPCs, shall be transferred to the General Fund of the Treasury at the end of the fiscal year in which received. (Public Law 104-52 section 625)

• identifying the problems and difficulties encountered in entering into ESPCs.
  
• recommending solutions to difficulties encountered in entering into ESPCs.

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3.4 ACQUISITION OF REAL PROPERTY

LCC methodology will be applied to building acquisitions where applicable. Buildings acquired by some bureaus are acquired by special legislation, may be historic, and are not acquired to house Government operations.

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3.5 LEASING OF REAL PROPERTY

Bureaus will focus on energy management in locations where DOI is the primary tenant. In leasing buildings, bureaus shall give preference to buildings which minimize LCC.

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4. REPORTING

In accordance with 41 CFR 101-20.107, Energy Conservation, each agency shall report to the Department of Energy the energy consumption in buildings, facilities, vehicles and equipment under its control on a semi-annual basis. Therefore, in accordance with 752 DM, each bureau shall submit an Energy Conservation Performance Report, DI-234, (Attachment 1) to the Office of Acquisition and Property Management (PAM), MS-5512 MIB, within 40 days after the end of the second and last quarter of the Fiscal Year. Reports are required to include the buildings' and facilities' gross square footage upon which the energy consumption figures are based.

Energy management program progress will be reported annually to the Department of Energy in accordance with guidelines established by the Department of Energy. PAM will require periodic reports from bureaus on their energy management programs.

In accordance with NECPA (as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L.102-486) Sec. 548(a), annual reports are required and are based on annual guidance and time frames established by the Department of Energy. Each Bureau shall transmit a report to DOI/PAM, at the times specified by the Secretary of Energy but at least annually, with complete information on its activities under this part, including:

• preparing or updating the bureau's plans, funding and performing energy surveys,listing energy conservation measures accomplished to meet the goal, measuring performance toward the goal, energy savings performance contracts activities, bureau operations, incentive programs, implementing demand side management, utility rebate programs, procurement procedures implemented and refinements to energy usage reports.

Energy use is defined as, the energy that is used at a building or facility and measured in terms of energy delivered to the building or facility. The Department will use the site conversion factors for both electricity and steam for converting units to Btu's.

The conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu's/kilowatt hour, the rate of consumption by the end-user on-site, will be used for measuring performance. The difference between the site conversion rate and the source conversion rate of 11,600 Btu's/kilowatt hour, formerly used, is attributable to transmission and conversion losses associated with electric generation. The site conversion factor for purchased steam is 1,000 Btu's/pound. This factor does not account for the transmission losses reflected in the source conversion factor of 1,390 Btu's/pound, formerly used.

Attachment 2 provides the conversion factors for energy types included on Form DI-234, Energy Conservation Performance Report.

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5. BUDGETING

Budget formulation policy guidance from the Secretary will provide the format for identification of the resources for certain activities related to energy conservation management. Annually, additional instructions will be provided by PAM to the bureau budget offices for gathering information on energy management activities including staffing and employee awareness programs, building energy conservation measures and surveys and procurement of energy efficient goods.

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6. ENERGY MANAGEMENT TRAINING

In accordance with the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Sec. 157 each bureau should provide or make available energy management training. Each bureau is responsible for supporting and encouraging energy managers to participate in energy management training courses private or public. To the extent possible, training should be provided in the following areas:

• building systems, i.e., heating, cooling and ventilation
  
• building energy codes and applicable professional standards
  
• energy accounting and analysis to include life-cycle cost methodology
  
• instrumentation for energy surveys and audits
  
• any other areas of energy management training that might be provided or sponsored by the Department of Energy, i.e. passive solar design strategies, renewable energy systems, energy savings performance contracts, federal energy decision screening and water management.
  

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7. SHOWCASE FACILITIES

The Department will continue to identify and construct energy efficient facilities as defined in Executive Order 12902. Each bureau will selectively nominate newly constructed buildings and facilities as a showcase facility. In addition, existing facilities should be examined and considered for nomination to be showcased. The benefits and monetary savings for establishment of a showcase are numerous; a savings in energy, a savings in financial disbursements for utility cost, a public relations mechanism to demonstrate the governments commitment to energy reduction, and provide a means to educate the public on the various energy saving technologies that are available.

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8. SOLAR AND OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY

The use of mission supportive and cost-effective renewable energy is a principal factor in reducing federal sector energy costs and environmental impacts. The Department of the Interior (Department) will lead in implementing these technologies and design techniques wherever they are cost-effective. There is a wide range of potential renewable energy applications from demand-side to supply-side opportunities that the Department will explore. (Check out the Channel Islands National Park Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage.) This plan does not, however, suggest that participants remove functional equipment to install renewable technologies, but rather to make renewables part of the decision-making process when selecting equipment or planning design strategies for a new facility or retrofit.

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) requires the Federal government to promote the use of renewable energy sources in Federal facilities. Executive Order 12902 implements this requirement in the specific sections described below. Section 304 of the Order establishes a goal for the Federal government to significantly increase the use of solar and other renewable energy sources that are cost-effective. Renewable energy includes photovoltaic, solar thermal, passive solar, biomass (wood waste, refuse and agricultural waste), wind, geothermal, and hydropower technologies. Section 201 states that the Department of Energy (DOE) shall take the lead to implement this order through the Federal Energy Management Program. Section 305 of the Executive Order requires that "agencies shall develop and implement programs to reduce the use of petroleum in their buildings and facilities by switching to a less-polluting and non-petroleum-based energy source such as natural gas or solar and other renewable energy sources." Section 306 states that each agency involved in the construction of a new facility that is either owned or leased to the federal government shall utilize passive solar and adopt active solar technologies where they are cost effective. This plan outlines the steps and procedures that the Department will take to fulfill Executive Order 12902.

BENEFITS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

The Department has an opportunity to improve the Federal image and reduce long-term operating costs by incorporating and installing energy efficient and renewable energy technologies and design strategies within its facilities and operations. As renewable energy continues to establish itself as a least cost and reliable energy option, it is increasingly becoming a choice for a wide variety of applications. Renewable energy can be used for lighting, heating, cooling, communications, large and small power generation, refrigeration, and rural electrification. (Check out the Channel Islands National Park Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage.) In addition, renewable energy has less of an impact on the environment than traditional technologies or design strategies. As the market for renewable energy expands, reliability has improved and prices have declined to a point where they are competitive in a wide range of applications. Some of the specific benefits of usage of renewable energy are:

• Lower Life Cycle Cost -- The change in a design of a facility and the installation, operation and maintenance of renewable energy technologies can cost less than other alternatives (i.e., fossil fuels) in certain situations. For example, it has been demonstrated that the cost requirement for power in some remote areas or sensitive environments are ideal for photovoltaic (PV) -- (check out the Channel Islands NationalPark Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage) -- and wind applications since no transmission lines, step down transformers or fuel is required. For passive solar, only a change in the design, orientation or type of construction material may be required to incorporate solar design into the buildings. The savings from these changes will come from reducing the size of the heating, cooling and lighting loads. For new construction projects, ground source heat pumps are often the most cost-effective technology to provide heating and cooling.
  

• Improve Responsiveness -- Bureaus will improve their responsiveness to their function and mission by using the best energy management practices and "common sense" decision making, as part of their operations. The increased use of renewable energy is one way bureaus can enhance their responsiveness by providing the best solution to long-term problems.

• Lower Environmental Impact -- Economic and environmental benefits are closely interrelated. Increases in productivity and reductions in energy use produce a reduction incarbon dioxide emissions which may to contribute to global climate change. The Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) and Economic Research Associates (ERA) estimate that the conservation efforts will lead to reduction of 0.8 million metric tons of sulfuroxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide by the year 2005.

APPLICATIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DEPARTMENTALFACILITIES

This section presents a brief description of the selected renewable energy options that are possible alternatives and enhancements for Departmental facilities and operations. (Check out the Channel Islands National Park Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage.) There are a diverse array of functions and operations that any federal facility operates under and it is impossible to describe all applications of renewable energy technologies for these facilities. For more detail and site specific information, bureau facility managers will consult the bureau's energy manager, FEMP or the Federal Renewable Energy Screening Assistant (FRESA) computer model.

• Passive Solar Design Strategies are design techniques that rely on integrating different strategies to reduce the need for mechanical heating, cooling, and lighting while increasing interior comfort. Specific designs involve both energy conservation and solar design features. Design of passive solar buildings focuses on four key components: building siting and location, building envelope, window design and thermal mass design. All passive solar nonresidential and residential buildings cost about the same to build as conventional buildings of the same type. Passive solar design is best suited to new construction and major renovations because the features which allow the building to be a passive solar are integral elements of the building. Depending on site specific conditions which is a major element, bureaus will investigate a number of passive strategies that can be retrofitted into existing buildings or designed into new construction projects.

• Solar Hot Water Heating systems are designed to heat water to 130 to140 F. The system's performance depends primarily on outdoor temperature and the amount of sunlight absorbed by the collector. Active solar water heaters use pumps to circulate water or some other fluid from the collectors to the storage tank, where the water remains until needed. Passive solar water heaters, which rely on gravity, are typically either integral collector/storage (ICS) systems or thermosyphon systems. The major advantage of these systems is that they do not use controls, pumps, sensors, or other mechanical parts, so minimal maintenance is required over their lifetime. They are also inexpensive compared to active systems, but less efficient. Solar water heating is appropriate in most building types that require heated water and are situated in areas that have a constant load and the competing fuels have a higher cost. Bureaus will investigate using these systems in residential, commercial and institutional buildings that use large amounts of heated water for cooking, laundry, cleaning and showers.

• Solar Ventilation Air Preheating uses the sun's energy to warm outside air before it enters a building's ventilation system. The outside air is warmed as it flows through tiny holes in a dark-colored, south-facing wall that is highly efficient in absorbing solar heat. Additional heating required to bring the preheated air to the desired interior temperature is supplied by the building's heating system. During the cooling months, the intake air bypasses the collector, which prevents the air from being warmed. The cost-effectiveness of this technology depends on the fuel type and local utility costs. Bureaus will investigate using the solar ventilation air preheat systems where there are large ventilation requirements such as industrial and commercial buildings, laboratory facilities, manufacturing plants and storage areas that require continuous ventilation.

• Ground source Heat Pumps (GHP) are designed to transfer heat to or from the ground to provide heating, cooling, and water heating efficiently and reliably. Ground temperatures do not fluctuate as widely as outdoor air temperatures and therefore, provide a warmer heat source in the winter and a cooler heat sink in the summer. This significantly improves GHP performance over conventional air source heat pumps. The bureaus will investigate using GHP systems which can be the lowest first-cost option when using an open-loop design or when competing with boiler and cooling-tower systems. In most other situations, GHP systems have lower life cycle costs when considering energy and maintenance costs. GHP can be installed in single family housing, multi-family housing, small office buildings and institutional buildings. GHPs operate in all climates, but they are more cost-effective in colder regions where a large difference exists between the ambient air temperature and the ground temperature.

• Biomass Combustion uses the energy embodied in organic matter to generate process steam for heating or electric generation. Biomass fuel can come from a variety of organic sources such as wood, agricultural and wood waste, energy crops, municipal waste, tire-derived fuel and non-recyclable paper. A conversion or replacement of existing combustion equipment is required to use biomass fuels. The advantages to using biomass as a fuel are: lower life cycle cost, minimal ash content, minimal SO2 and NOx emissions and reduced landfill use and disposal costs. Some of the critical factors in determining the feasibility of biomass combustion are the availability and cost of transportation of the biomass fuel. Bureaus will investigate their coal-fired boilers to determine if a co-fired biomass and coal boiler application is possible. In cases of a boiler replacement, bureaus will also investigate the feasibility of a biomass combustion boiler.

• Photovoltaic (PV) cells are devices that use semiconductor material to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The simplest PV system generates direct-current electricity via sunlight and runs equipment such as water pumps or fans. A power inverter is used to convert direct current to alternating current. PV should be considered for any remote application with a daily electrical load of a few watt-hours up to about 100 kilowatt-hours. For larger loads where utility power exists, PV may still be applicable. The bureaus will investigate the following off-grid applications; area lighting, communications equipment, cathodic protection, water pumps, traffic control lights and general lighting.

• Wind Turbines are machines that capture wind energy with a rotor formed by two or three propeller-like blades attached to a central hub mounted on a shaft. This rotor assembly converts wind velocity to rotary motion. The rotating shaft turns a generator to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy or to use the energy directly (e.g. water pumping). Wind applications may be either stand-alone or grid-connected. Stand alone applications involve wind-generated power remote from utility lines and established power grids. The best opportunities for small wind turbines, which generate less than 50 kilowatts, are stand-alone applications where grid power is more than 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) away. Wind-energy costs have improved dramatically during the past decade. Bureaus will investigate some typical small wind turbine applications such as telecommunications, cathodic protection, navigation aids, pumping, desalination and peak shaving.

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR'S GOAL FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY

The Department will seek to accelerate the acceptance of, investigate additional opportunities for, and expand the use of renewable energy by implementing projects. These projects will reduce energy consumption, be cost-effective and improve the functional, comfort and performance aspects of the facility.

THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR'S APPROACH FOR INCORPORATING RENEWABLE ENERGY

There are many appropriate renewable technologies available to the Department. (Check out the Channel Islands National Park Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage.) Therefore, the Department will take a proactive role in promoting, communicating and searching for potential projects that use cost-effective renewable technologies. This section outlines the steps the Department will take to make renewable energy part of its overall energy management program.

Develop Showcase Projects

The Department, through the bureaus, will initially develop five to ten showcase projects emphasizing renewable energy technologies and design strategies. (Check out the Channel Islands National Park Renewable Energy Applications and Projects Homepage and Bureau of Reclamation Glen Canyon Energy Showcase Facility.) The objective over time is to increase the number of renewable projects within the federal government and define the number of projects on a time line. The bureau's facility managers will review the screening matrix and other pertinent information developed by FEMP to identify renewable projects that may be used cost-effectively in their facilities. In this review process, potential renewable projects or design changes will be investigated that will improve the energy performance of the building. The bureau's facility managers will complete this review by the end of Fiscal Year 1999. Executive Order 12902 requires that agencies conduct comprehensive energy audits of its existing buildings and facilities. To comply with this order, the bureaus will review their comprehensive energy audits to ensure the audits can be used to identify buildings where renewable energy projects are cost-effective.

Successful programs will include:

• Implementing one or more renewable energy projects as a showcase project;
  
• Developing a time frame for the successful completion of identified renewable projects;
  
• Completing the review of the renewable energy screening matrix;
  
• Ensuring that current and past energy audits consider renewable energy.
  

Renewable Energy in New Facilities

Bureaus will incorporate renewable energy technologies and design options into new facilities when they are determined to be cost-effective. Designs concerning renewable energy will be made during the programming design phase of the building. It is more difficult and less cost-effective to add renewables to a new facility after the design phase of a project has been completed. To ensure renewable technologies and design strategies are given consideration, the Department of the Interior will also review and modify if necessary, their current selection and procurement processes. The procurement process will stress the need for procuring design firms that demonstrate experience in both passive buildings and renewable energy technologies.

Successful programs will include:

• Changing the procedures so renewable energy is investigated before the programming phase of a new facility;
  
• Completing the review of all current selection and procurement process.
  

Gain Training in Renewable Technologies and Design Strategies

The Department will increase the level of training for staff on renewable energy technologies and design strategies. The Department will over time develop an increased level of renewable expertise within the agency. The Department will also provide facility managers the opportunity to participate in FEMP's and other organizations education and training programs on renewable energy. These programs focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies options, design strategies, as well as operation and maintenance concerns.

The Department will encourage its staff to seek outside sources for technical information and support on renewable technologies and design strategies. The available information and support ranges from detailed technology description pamphlets to on-site technical project support. There are many public and private organizations that provide valuable technical information on renewable energy and its application (e.g., Photovoltaic Systems Assistance Center). These organizations provide a variety of information and services, such as helping agencies identify the best renewable energy projects, conducting on-site audits, providing design assistance and assisting in new technology applications. The Department will provide its staff with the following sources of information to act as a starting point for their renewable informational requirements:

1. FEMP Renewables Program was created to support agencies implementing renewable energy projects. Agencies can work through the FEMP Renewables Program to arrange the following services:
   • Participation in FEMP's existing courses: Designing Low Energy Buildingsand Implementing Renewable Energy Projects;
     
   • Customized agency specific training on renewable energy;
     
   • Fact sheets and information on renewable energy;
     
   • Design assistance for renewable projects;
     
   • Feasibility analysis for renewable projects at a particular site,
     
   • Costing guidelines for photovoltaics versus diesel generated power,
     
   • On a reimbursable basis, assistance in developing an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC) for energy-efficient and renewable energy technology,
     
   • On a reimbursable basis, assistance in developing a delivery order for a Super ESPC delivery order for energy-efficient and renewable energy technology.
     

2. The FEMP Help Desk is a telephone service that allows anyone to call and get information about FEMP, its products, resources, and services. The FEMP hotline number is 800-363-3732.

3. The Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN) is available through the Internet at Uniform Resource Locator (URL)HTTP:/WWW/EERE.ENERGY.GOV/. EREN is a gateway to energy efficiency and renewable energy information sources.

   Successful programs will include:

   • Developing expertise within the bureaus on renewable technologies and design strategies;
     
   • Ensuring staff is informed of whom to contact outside of the Department for information and assistance;
     
   • Establishing experience within the bureaus to use in developing projects.
     

Communications with Regional Offices

The Department will install or improve communications between the regional offices and headquarters to assist the flow of information on renewable technologies within the agency. Articles will be placed in appropriate internal publications to document renewable projects. These articles will demonstrate the uses and advantages of renewable technologies as well as creating public and employee awareness. The Department will also disseminate information on renewable energy programs, such as FEMP's showcase programs, which demonstrate the benefits of renewable technologies in actual applications throughout the agency.

Successful programs will include:

• Informing staff of renewable energy using FEMP's technology fact sheets;
  
• Distributing information on renewable energy training;
  
• Publishing and distributing information on Departmental showcase projects and past renewable energy projects.
  

Financing of Renewable Energy Projects

Many organizations realize the benefits of renewable energy and offer special finance packages for their implementation. When considering renewables, the Department will review and consider FEMP for aid in employing the appropriate financing opportunity. FEMP will work to ensure that federal facilities served by public and private utilities are aware of utility financing and cost sharing partnership opportunities. FEMP has advocated three project financing mechanisms that leverage existing federal funds and private sector resources.

1. Regional Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC) allows federal agencies to contract with an energy service company (ESCO) to install energy efficiency and renewable energy measures. The ESCO pays all initial costs in exchange for a share of the cost savings that result from the energy improvements.

2. Super Energy Savings Performance Contracting (Super ESPC) allows Federal agencies to contract with an ESCO via a delivery order. The agency selected from a list of previously competed ESCOs and writes a Statement of Work for energy efficiency and renewable energy measures.

3. National Park Service Super ESPC.

4. Utility incentives are another source of financing for Federal agencies. These utilities often provide technical assistance and/or financing for energy efficiency projects. FEMP can assist Federal agencies to compete for this support through the agency's utility incentives program.

   Successful programs will include:

   • Completing a review of financial packages and alternatives for implementing renewable energy;
     
   • Use of a financial alternative to install renewable energy projects.
     

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9. WATER MANAGEMENT POLICY

Water management is an integral part of the Federal Energy Management Program. Bureaus are required to assess their water use, examine available appropriate water conservation products, and retrofit or replace existing equipment to make it more efficient. Using less water reduces the need for electricity to heat, cool, treat, or move water, thereby cutting energy use.

Accordingly, the goal of the water conservation program is to foster improvements in the efficiency of use and management of water supplies in order to:

• improve the economics of water supply and use
  
• conserve energy
  
• provide a source of water to meet growing water needs, including urban water needs, for economic growth and human consumption
  
• provide additional water supplies for endangered species
  
• improve and protect surface and ground water quality conditions through the reduction of non-point and point sources of pollution
  
• protect groundwater supplies from being over drafted.
  

The program should address all water uses and all aspects of water supply and disposal operations to ensure implementation of the most effective means of improving water use efficiencies. Water conservation measures and practices will be tailored to meet individual circumstances and will recognize and comply with state water laws.

Water management techniques fall into three areas:

• reducing losses
  
• reducing water consumption
  
• reusing wastewater.
  

Blackwater or gray water can be treated and recycled to be used for irrigation. Waste water can be treated using settling methods, biological treatment, reverse osmosis, filtration and chemical treatment.

The following steps are to be used in development of an effective water management program:

• determine water consumption data and perform facility surveys to explore and eluate water management options
  
• conduct life-cycle cost analyses and explore financing options for retrofits
  
• replacing obsolete and defective plumbing products
  
• develop awareness programs to educate employees on the benefits, necessity and importance of conserving water
  

The following products should be considered for but not be limited to replacement and retrofit:

• gravity flow toilets
  
• flush valve toilets
  
• urinals
  
• faucets
  
• showerheads.
  

Consideration should be given to improved landscaping practices such as Xeriscaping. Xeriscaping is a comprehensive water management approach to landscaping which is based on selecting, placing and maintaining plants that optimize water use. Contact Fredrick S. Lilegren, Landscape Architect, American Society of Landscape Architects, Bureau of Reclamation, ProvoProjects Office, Box 51338, Provo, Utah 84605-1888 for additional information on xeriscaping.

Conducting and formulating a clear and effective policy on water conservation and encouraging and assisting traditional water users requires the involvement of the water user groups, local and state governments and many other interested persons and organizations.

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